[{"_1":2,"_3":-5,"_4":-5},"loaderData",{"_5":6,"_7":8},"actionData","errors","root",{"_11":-5,"_71":72,"_73":74,"_75":76},"routes/user.$name.collections",{"_9":10,"_11":12,"_13":14,"_15":16,"_17":18,"_19":20},"topics",[36,37],"user",{"_21":22,"_13":14,"_23":24,"_25":26,"_27":28,"_29":30,"_31":32,"_33":16,"_34":35},"loginname","liuzhoou","page",1,"limit",20,"total",2,"id","5112","avatar_url","http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/d7165137ee315447409eba6706024296?size=48","githubUsername","","create_at","2012-09-27T09:10:05.973Z","score",5,"topic_count",0,"reply_count","is_star",false,{"_21":58,"_39":59,"_41":60,"_42":61,"_44":62,"_46":63,"_48":64,"_49":35,"_33":65,"_51":66,"_27":67,"_54":68},{"_21":38,"_39":40,"_41":-5,"_42":43,"_44":45,"_46":47,"_48":35,"_49":35,"_33":50,"_51":52,"_27":53,"_54":55},"56","author_id","932","tab","content","最近Node.js很火，让很多的前端看到了可以直接从前端写到后端的希望。但是每次部署一个Node.js的应用却让前端苦恼不已。每次登陆服务器，用自己不熟悉的方式从版本控制仓库中拖下源代码，kill掉应用的进程，重起一个应用的守护进程。如果能够自动化的部署一个Node.js应用，而不需要去接触这些前端不太熟悉的Unix系统命令和管理。对于大家来说就是提升了生产力。Capistrano是一个强大的自动化部署工具，所以我们选用他来做自动化部署。并且我已经把做好了的一个部署脚本Nodebot提交到github上去，供大家参考。\r\n
\r\n
首先我们需要一个环境，分为两个环境：部署客户端环境和服务器环境。\r\n

部署客户端系统需求：

\r\n
你可以用任何系统了，系统只要具备下面的4个软件就可。\r\n

安装ruby。去http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/下载适合你系统的ruby版本。

安装rubygem。去http://rubyforge.org/projects/rubygems/下载最新版的RubyGems，解压后运行以下命令安装。 sudo ruby setup.rb

安装Capistrano和Capistrano-etx。运行以下的命令安装。sudo gem install capistrano capistrano-ext

\r\n
这样你就拥有了在机器部署node.js应用的软件。然后你需要能够不使用密码直接登陆到服务器上。运行下面的命令：\r\n

# Create a local ssh key\r\n
ssh-keygen\r\n
#Copy key to server\r\n
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user[@domain](/user/domain).com \"cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys\"\r\n

\r\n
这样你就可以不需要密码直接登陆到服务器。\r\n

服务器端系统需求：

\r\n
当然要Unix一类的系统了，Nodebot需要具备upstart的系统（一个基于事件的守护进程管理系统）。虽然Node.js能跑在window上，但是那只适合开发环境，不适合生产环境。还要有下面的软件，你也可以下载Nodebot并在部署客户端运行命令cap nodebot:setup 来自动化安装。\r\n

安装scm软件。比如git，svn或hg，取决于你的node.js应用源代码管理软件。

安装Node.js。没什么好说的，地球人都知道这是什么。

安装npm。Node.js的一个包管理软件

安装node-jake。一个javascript的代码构建工具，有点像make和rake。用来安装应用的依赖。

具备upstart的系统，比如Ubantu。来做应用的守护进程。参看 http://upstart.ubuntu.com/

\r\n
部署的登陆用户需要sudo权限，并且不需要提示输入密码。参考命令：\r\n

#Add a sudoer\r\n
sudo useradd -m foo\r\n
#edit sudoer privilege\r\n
sudo visudo\r\n

\r\n
出现编辑器时，插入下面一行，foo就是你新建的用户：\r\n

foo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

\r\n
然后在deploy.rb文件（下面会提到）里配置foo为部署用户。\r\n

部署客户端脚本

\r\n
环境有了，那就要开工了。我们希望在服务器上的Node.js应用运行几个不同的环境：测试环境，开发环境，产品环境等。运行cap .命令会在当前的目录下产生一个文件和一个目录。在目录里有个deploy.rb，这是我们需要修改的文件。由于我们需要多个环境，所以我们引入了Capistrano-etx。\r\n

set :stages, %w[staging production]\r\n
set :default_stage, 'staging'\r\n
require 'capistrano/ext/multistage'\r\n

\r\n
我们设定了两个环境：staging和production，默认是staging环境。我们再在config目录下建一个deploy目录，里面放的两个.rb文件对应不同的环境配置.最后部署环境的目录下是这样的一个结构：\r\n

.\r\n
├── Capfile\r\n
└── config\r\n
    ├── deploy\r\n
    │   ├── production.rb\r\n
    │   └── staging.rb\r\n
    ├── deploy.rb\r\n
    └── node.rb

\r\n
deploy.rb文件看起来像这样。你需要设定host, repository,user和admin_user ：\r\n

##\r\n
# Capistrano tasks for Ubantu.\r\n
#\r\n
# Author: Shihua Ma http://f2eskills.com/\r\n
\r\n
set :stages, %w[staging production]\r\n
set :default_stage, 'staging'\r\n
require 'capistrano/ext/multistage'\r\n
#application name\r\n
set :application, \"example\"\r\n
#start server script\r\n
set :node_file, \"app.js\"\r\n
#deploy host\r\n
set :host, \"hostname\"\r\n
#user name,must be a sudoer without prompting for password \r\n
set :user, \"username\"\r\n
set :admin_runner, user\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
set :repository, \"git[@git](/user/git)[@git](/user/git)hub.com:mashihua/Nodebot.git\"\r\n
set :scm, :git\r\n
set :deploy_via, :remote_cache\r\n
role :app, host\r\n
set :use_sudo, true\r\n
\r\n
namespace :deploy do\r\n
  \r\n
  desc \"Start node server\"\r\n
  task :start, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do\r\n
    run \"sudo start #{application}_#{node_env}\"\r\n
  end\r\n
  \r\n
  desc \"Stop node server\"\r\n
  task :stop, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do\r\n
    run \"sudo stop #{application}_#{node_env}\"\r\n
  end\r\n
  \r\n
  desc \"Restart node server\"\r\n
  task :restart, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do\r\n
    run \"sudo restart #{application}_#{node_env} || sudo start #{application}_#{node_env}\"\r\n
  end\r\n
\r\n
  desc \"Check required packages and install if packages are not installed\"\r\n
  task :check_packages, roles => :app do\r\n
    run \"cd #{release_path} && jake depends\"\r\n
  end\r\n
\r\n
  task :create_deploy_to_with_sudo, :roles => :app do\r\n
    run \"sudo mkdir -p #{deploy_to}\"\r\n
    run \"sudo chown #{admin_runner}:#{admin_runner} #{deploy_to}\"\r\n
  end\r\n
\r\n
  desc \"Update submodules\"\r\n
  task :update_submodules, :roles => :app do\r\n
    run \"cd #{release_path}; git submodule init && git submodule update\"\r\n
  end\r\n
  \r\n
  task :write_upstart_script, :roles => :app do\r\n
    upstart_script = <> #{shared_path}/log/#{node_env}.log 2>&1\"\r\n
end script\r\n
respawn\r\n
UPSTART\r\n
\r\n
  put upstart_script, \"/tmp/#{application}_upstart.conf\"\r\n
    run \"sudo mv /tmp/#{application}_upstart.conf /etc/init/#{application}_#{node_env}.conf\"\r\n
  end\r\n
\r\n
end\r\n
\r\n
before 'deploy:setup', 'deploy:create_deploy_to_with_sudo'\r\n
after 'deploy:setup', 'deploy:write_upstart_script'\r\n
after \"deploy:finalize_update\", \"deploy:update_submodules\", \"deploy:check_packages\"\r\n

\r\n
staging.rb环境文件看起来像这样。设定了应用的环境，git的branch，应用的监听端口和部署目录：\r\n

set :node_env, \"staging\"\r\n
#git repos branch\r\n
set :branch, \"master\"\r\n
#listing port\r\n
set :application_port, \"1603\"\r\n
#deploy path\r\n
set :deploy_to, \"/srv/www/apps/#{application}/#{node_env}\"\r\n

\r\n
production.rb环境文件看起来像这样：\r\n

set :node_env, \"production\"\r\n
#git repos branch\r\n
set :branch, \"production\"\r\n
#listing port\r\n
set :application_port, \"1604\"\r\n
#deploy path\r\n
set :deploy_to, \"/srv/www/apps/#{application}/#{node_env}\"\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

主要命令：

\r\n

cap -T 查看所有的task

cap deploy:setup 设置staging环境，比如创建部署的目录等。staging是默认环境，命令等同于cap staging deploy:setup。调用production环境的命令cap production deploy:setup，第一个参数是环境名，第二个参数是任务名。

cap nodebot:setup 安装系统一些软件和配置守护进程。上面已经介绍过。

cap production deploy 部署 production环境的Node.js应用。包括从仓库取最新的代码，链接最新的代码到一个目录。重起应用的Server。

cap deploy:stop, cap deploy:start和cap deploy:restart 停止，启动和重起staging环境的Server。

\r\n

简单的Node.js应用：

\r\n
我们用一个简单的Node.js应用来说明实际的效果，应用的目录结构就像这样：\r\n

.\r\n
├── Jakefile.js\r\n
├── app.js\r\n
├── config\r\n
│   └── requirements.json\r\n
└── log

\r\n
\r\n
log 应用日志的输出目录\r\n
\r\n
app.js 就是应用的启动脚本\r\n

var express = require('express');\r\n
\r\n
var app = express.createServer();\r\n
\r\n
app.get('/', function(req, res){\r\n
  //the log will out put to log/{node_env}.log\r\n
  console.log(\"Method:\" + req.method);\r\n
  //send text to agent\r\n
  res.send('Hello World. NODE_ENV=' + process.env.NODE_ENV);\r\n
});\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
//listening on application_port where set by capistrano\r\n
app.listen(process.argv[2] || 3000);\r\n

\r\n
Jakefile.js jake构建工具调用的脚本，在本例子中用来安装express\r\n

var fs = require('fs');\r\n
\r\n
desc('Check and install required packages');\r\n
task('depends', [], function (arg) {\r\n
    var npm = require('npm');\r\n
    npm.load({}, function (err) {\r\n
        if (err) return commandFailed(err);\r\n
        npm.on(\"log\", function (message) { if(arg) console.log(message) })\r\n
        var requirements = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('config/requirements.json'));\r\n
        npm.commands.install(requirements, function (err, data) {\r\n
            if (err) return commandFailed(err);\r\n
        });\r\n
    });\r\n
}, true);\r\n

\r\n
config/requirements.json 应用依赖的定义\r\n

[ \"express[@2](/user/2).4.7\"]

\r\n
\r\n
实际部署的效果： staging环境， production环境\r\n

结论：

\r\n
使用Nodebot你可以轻松的部署你的Node.js应用。把你的焦点放到实际的需求中，而不用关心部署环境的建立和部署应用的麻烦，只许在部署客户端轻松的输入简单的命令。","title","部署Node.js的应用","last_reply_at","2017-07-23T06:53:24.871Z","good","top",9,"visit_count",29379,"2011-10-16T01:59:58.000Z","author",{"_13":56,"_23":57},"mashihua","http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/fae2e651c5d0e4e4fb93abcfedcfa5fa?s=48","8012","15","share","在两位视频制作的同学连夜赶工下, 目前视频已经基本完成, 陆续上传中...\r\n\r\n## 演讲[视频列表](http://www.tudou.com/listplay/CCvZkBBf7Js.html)\r\n\r\n嘉宾 | 主题 | 在线播放 | 视频下载 | 演讲稿\r\n--- | --- | --- | --- | ---\r\n[@Goddy](/user/Goddy) Zhao |《JS中国开发者大会介绍》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/Mi_GY-_EHgg/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/01.%20goddy%20JS%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%80%85%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D.mov) | [pdf](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/jsconfchina.pdf)\r\n@严清 |《Then.js 异步库的实现原理及优缺点》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/Eq98WqO_C50/) | [@又拍云] | [key](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/%E4%B8%A5%E6%B8%85-JavaScript%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E5%BA%93%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E5%8F%8A%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94.key.zip)\r\n@赵成 |《 Atom编辑器嵌入Node.js引擎实践》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/JU112RMWPIQ/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/03.%E8%B5%B5%E6%88%90%EF%BC%9AAtom%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5Node.js%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.mov) | [pdf](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/Practice%20on%20embedding%20Node.js%20into%20Atom%20Editor.pdf)\r\n@赫门 |《淘宝前后端分离实践》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/_PON-LV6X2E/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/04.%E8%B5%AB%E9%97%A8-%E6%B7%98%E5%AE%9D%E5%89%8D%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.mov) | [html](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/herman-taobaoweb/index.html)\r\n@苏培欣 |《 Google BigQuery API Node.js 实践》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/205h9BvigGs/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/05.%E8%8B%8F%E5%9F%B9%E6%AC%A3-Google%20BigQuery%20API%20Node.js%20%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.mov) | [pdf](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/JSConf%20-%20Google%20BigQuery%20API%20Node.js%E5%AF%A6%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%84.pdf)\r\n[@substack](/user/substack)
(James Halliday) |《Peer-Directed Collaborative Projects》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/svwrLe0ZTWs/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/06.James%20Halliday-Peer-Directed%20Collaborative%20Projects.mov) | [markdown](https://github.com/substack/hangjs-2014)\r\n@芋头 | 《如何快速构建MVC应用》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/qEKEHAeNHTI/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/07.%E8%8A%8B%E5%A4%B4-%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BAMVC%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8.mov) | [pdf](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/Rabbit.js-MVC.pdf), [key](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/Rabbit.js-MVC.key.zip)\r\n [@Berg](/user/Berg) |《BlendUI - 让轻应用如Native般流畅》| [[土豆]] | [@又拍云] | [pdf](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/BlendUI.pdf)\r\n[@Belleve](/user/Belleve) Invis |《Patrisika:
Theoretical and Practical Code Generation》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/Wm1gC_2kx-k/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/08.Belleve%20Invis%20-%20Patrisika%20-%20Theoretical%20and%20Practical%20Code%20Generation.mov) | \r\n[@Sofish](/user/Sofish) |《优化你的Angular Web App》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/oMuGAFbPnf8/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/09.Sofish-%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E4%BD%A0%E7%9A%84Angular%20Web%20App.mov) | [slide](http://sofi.sh/2412)\r\n@郭宇 | 《开源项目的管理与维护》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/ZSV7-gydgsQ/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/10.%E9%83%AD%E5%AE%87-%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4.mov) | [markdown](https://github.com/jsconfcn/hangjs/blob/gh-pages/slides/GuoYu-%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4-%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4.md)\r\n[@Mikael](/user/Mikael) Karon | 《Massive Javascript Development》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/fqKtbaP0DIA/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/11.Mikael%20Karon%20-%20Massive%20Javascript%20Development2.mov) | [html](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/mikaelkaron-massivejs/massive-js.html)\r\n[@Garry](/user/Garry) Yao | 《Scalable Web Application with TroopJS》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/JKNKWW_yZrw/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/12.Garry%20Yao%20-%20Scalable%20Web%20Application%20with%20TroopJS.mov) | [html](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/garryyao-troopjs/scalable-web-application-with-troopjs.html)\r\n@玉伯 |《如何持续技术学习》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/VUzRIPY6Es8/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/13.%E7%8E%89%E4%BC%AF%20%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.mov) | [pdf](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/how-to-continue-to-grow-up.pdf)\r\n[@Caesar](/user/Caesar) Chi |《Node.js 與多方服務串接實務》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/h8TuqilJq0w/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/14.Caesar%20Chi%20Node.js%20%E8%88%87%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%B9%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%B2%E6%8E%A5%E5%AF%A6%E5%8B%99.mov) | [pdf](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/nodejs_api_connect_jsconfcn_hangjs.pdf)\r\n[@Jacob](/user/Jacob) Groundwater
[@dead-horse](/user/dead-horse) | 《five-lines (深入浅出 node 命令行工具)》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/3-3PegdbS6E/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/15.Jacob%20Groundwater%20and%20dead-horse%20-%20five-lines.mov) | [pdf](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/five-lines.pdf)\r\n[@Iris](/user/Iris) |《Edge.js》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/cdedTXM5y28/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/16.Iris%20-%20Edge.js.mov) | \r\n@鬼道 |《Hybrid API》| [[土豆]](http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/1-Ltio6NGaU/) | [@又拍云](http://hangjs.b0.upaiyun.com/videos/17.%E9%AC%BC%E9%81%93%20Hybrid%20API.mov) | [html](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/luics-hybrid-api.html)\r\n[@Luying](/user/Luying) Li |《Storm:
Distributed and fault-tolerant realtime computation》| 土豆 | @又拍云 | [pdf](http://2014.jsconf.cn/slides/Introduction-To-Storm.pdf)\r\n@陈本峰 |《Web Components标准：
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